University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

University of New Hampshire, Durham

University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany

Cairo University and the University of Montpellier

National University of Ireland Galway

In the Department of Computer Science University of Saskatchewan

The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Chattanooga, Tennessee

submitted to the Department of Computer Engineering and Sciences of Florida Institute of Technology

University of Essex

University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

University of New Hampshire

Florida Institute of Technology

University of Stuttgart

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

CAIRO UNIVERSITYANDTHE UNIVERSITYOF MONTPELLIER

Lund University

University of Saskatchewan

University of Koblenz-Landau

Lule˚a University of Technology